Description

The English name for *Polygala tenuifolia* is *Milkwort*, and its Latin name is *Polygala tenuifolia*. It is also known as thinleaf milkwort root or radix polygalae, and its dried root is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine.

The name “milkwort” originates from ancient Greek and European tradition, which believed that consuming it would increase milk production in livestock. “Milk” refers to cow’s milk, and “wort” means plant or herb. The Chinese name “远志” (Yuanzhi) is derived from its calming, intellect-enhancing, and memory-strengthening effects. The *Compendium of Materia Medica* states, “This herb, when taken, can enhance intelligence and strengthen the will, hence the name ‘Yuanzhi’ (meaning ‘far-reaching will’).”

*Polygala tenuifolia* is mainly distributed in North and Northwest China, growing on grassy slopes or roadsides. It is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine for treating insomnia, forgetfulness, and cough with excessive phlegm, possessing calming, intellect-enhancing, phlegm-reducing, and swelling-reducing properties.